Fig. 1
From: Is-there a place for vagus nerve stimulation in inflammatory bowel diseases?
Anti-inflammatory pathways of the vagus nerve. Adapted from reference (Bonaz et al., 2017). Ach, acetylcholine; CAN, central autonomic network; HPA axis, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; NE, norepinephrine; TNF α, tumor necrosis alpha; VN, vagus nerve; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation; α7nAChR, alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor