From: Neuromodulation as a new avenue for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock
Neuromodulation | Intervention | Animal Species | Observed Effect | Author/Year |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) | VNS preceding T/HS | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Prevention of T/HS-induced gut injury Prevents formation of toxic lymph | Levy et al. 2013 |
VNS preceding HS | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Decreased gut and lung permeability Decreased pulmonary neutrophil sequestration | Levy et al. 2012 | |
VNS preceding T/HS | Male Balb/c Mice | Prevention of T/HS-induced changes in gut barrier integrity Decrease in T/HS-induced lung injury Decreased binding of NF-kB | Reys et al. 2013 | |
VNS following T/HS | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Reduction in histologic gut injury Reduction in ML flow | Morishita et al. 2014 | |
VNS following T/HS | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Prevention of changes in ML exosome protein payload Limitation of systemic inflammatory response | Williams et al. 2019 | |
VNS following HS | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Attenuation of peak serum TNF-alpha amounts Inhibition of liver NF-KappaB expression Prevented the development of hypotension | Li et al. 2005 | |
VNS following HS | Male Wistar Rats | Increase in survival time Reversion of hypotension Modulation of inflammatory response | Guarini et al. 2003 | |
VNS during resuscitation | Male Wistar Rats | Decreased inflammatory response to HS Improved coagulation | Rezende-Neto et al. 2014 | |
Electroacupuncture (EA) | EA at ST36 + Delayed Fluid Replacement | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Inhibition of plasma adrenal gland concentration increase Enhances the therapeutic effect of DFR | Wang et al. 2018 |
EA at ST36 + Delayed Fluid Replacement | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Improves blood pressure Raises early survival rate of HS rats Maintains intestinal barrier function Improves the degree of intestinal ischemia | Shi et al. 2013 | |
EA at ST36 following HS | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Attenuation of systemic inflammatory response Intestinal barrier protection Organ function improvement Survival rate improvement | Du et al. 2013 | |
EA at ST36 + Delayed Fluid Replacement | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Protective effects upon hepatic ischemic injury following HS | Zhong et al. 2012 | |
EA at ST36 following HS | Male Mongrel Dogs | Improvement of hemodynamics Attenuation of cytokine and lactate blood concentration in HS. | Suo et al. 2011 | |
Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (TNS) | Percutaneous TNS following HS | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Modulation of both SNS and PNS Pressor response Improved cerebral perfusion Decreased inflammation | Li et al. 2019 |
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation (PhNS) | PhNS in combination with ITV | Female Swine | Improvement in cardiac preload and key hemodynamic variables | Samniah et al. 2003 |