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Fig. 4 | Bioelectronic Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Closed-loop neuromuscular electrical stimulation using feedforward-feedback control and textile electrodes to regulate grasp force in quadriplegia

Fig. 4

Open and closed-loop responses during neuromuscular stimulation. a Force produced for various stimulation amplitudes and linear fit (blue). b and c Example open-loop responses to neuromuscular electrical stimulation. d Representative closed-loop response to a desired force step input; between 8 and 10s the controller automatically increases the current delivered to the target muscle to compensate for muscle fatigue

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Bioelectronic Medicine

ISSN: 2332-8886