Study | Etiology | Study design | Nerves Targeted | Results | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Huntoon & Burgher (2009) | Upper and Lower extremity neuropathic pain | Case series N = 8 | Median Radial Ulnar Peroneal Post Tibial | 43% patients reported > 80% improvement in their baseline pain | Level IV Minimally invasive ultrasound guided peripheral nerve stimulation provided effective pain control in patients with positive trial |
Simopoulos et al. (2010) | Chronic Migraine | Case Report | Bilateral Auriculotemporal | NRS reduction from 9 to 5 in 16 month F/u MIDAS improvement from Grade IV to II | Level V Auriculotemporal nerve stimulation may be a promising therapy for patients with temporal migraine |
Vaisman et al. (2012) | Intractable Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgia | Case series N = 5 | Supratrochlear Supraorbital | -VAS reduction from 8.9 to 1.6 − 3 patients reported complete wean off opioids | Level IV Supraorbital and supratrochlear stimulation is effective and safe as therapy for trigeminal autonomic cephalgia |
Hann & Sharan, (2013) | Chronic Migraine | Case series N = 14 | Occipital Supraorbital | 71% reduction in severity and frequency of Headaches 50% resolution of headache symptoms | Level IV Dual Occipital nerve and supraorbital nerve stimulation may improve frequency of pain relief, neurological symptoms in chronic migraine |
Reverberi et al. (2014) | Causalgia Neuropathic pain | Case series N = 15 | Suprascapular Mandibular Occipital Brachial Plexus Ulnar Median Radial Intercostal Post Tibial Common Peroneal | After avg. 9.3 months follow up: - NRS score down to 3.46 - Opioid consumption reduced by 50% | Level IV Peripheral Nerve Stimulation is an effective modality in managing severe neuropathic pain following multiple joint surgeries that are complicated by causalgia. |
Reed et al. (2015) | Hemiplegic Migraine | Case Series N = 4 | Occipital Supraorbital | − 92% reduction of headache frequency − 44% reduction in VAS − 96% reduction in drug usage | Level IV Concordant combined occipital and supraorbital nerve stimulation was preferred by patients and suggest efficacy in treating both pain and motor aura in hemiplegic migraine |
Oswald et al. (2019) | Mononeuropathies | Case Series N = 39 | Axillary Genitofemoral Intercostal Ilioinguinal Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Peroneal Saphenous Suprascapular Sural Tibial | 71% reduction in pain scores 72% improvement in activity | Level IV Peripheral nerve stimulators are new minimally invasive neuromodulation modality that shows promising early results |
Stevanato et al. (2014) | Brachial Plexus Injury | Case Series N = 7 | Brachial Plexus | Long term follow up at 6 months and 12 months reported 76.2 and 71.5% reduction in NRS scores respectively. | Level IV Surgical Implantation of quadripolar electrode leads provide long term successful pain relief in brachial plexus injuries |
Wilson et al. (2014) | Subacromial Impingement Syndrome | Case series N = 10 | Axillary Nerve | Significant reduction in pain compared to baseline | Level IV Peripheral Nerve stimulation is effective is treating chronic subacromial impingement syndrome |