Table 3 Peripheral nerve stimulation: prospective studies
Study | Etiology | Study design | Outcome Measures | Results | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deer et al. (2010) | Upper Extremity mononeuropathy | Case series N = 10 Median nerve | VAS scores BPI | −20% of the patients reported 40–100% pain relief No adverse effects occurred | Level II Temporary implant resulted in both pain reduction and reduced use of oral opioid pain medication during the 5-day stimulation period. |
Saper et al. ONSTIM Study (2011) | Chronic Intractable Migraine | RCT N = 66 Occipital Nerve | -Headache days -Pain intensity POMS MIDAS SF-36 | Responder defined as > 50% reduction of headache days 39% responder rate in Adjustable stim arm 6% responder rate in preset stim arm | Level II Occipital nerve stimulation is effective in treating intractable Chronic Migraine |
Rauck et al. (2014) | Post Amputation Pain | Prospective Open Label Feasibility Study N = 16 Sciatic and Femoral Nerves | -Brief Pain Inventory -Beck Depression Inventory | At the end of 4wks subjects reported improvement in their quality of life and decrease in Beck Depression Inventory score | Level III Peripheral nerve stimulation can be effective in achieving significant pain relief and improvements in quality of life in patients suffering with post amputation pain syndrome |
Wilson et al. (2014) | Chronic Hemiplegic Shoulder pain | Prospective randomized control trial N = 25 Intramuscular Deltoid, axillary nerve | -Brief Pain -Inventory SF 3 | At 16wks, the mean severity rating of BPI index decreased from 7.5 to 3.2 in the peripheral nerve stimulation arm | Level II Short term peripheral nerve stimulation is safe and efficacious treatment for shoulder pain. |
Deer et al. (2016) | Chronic Neuropathic pain | Prospective multicenter randomized double-blind partial crossover study N = 94 Upper and lower extremity and trucal nerves | -NRS -BPI -Quality of life -Patient Satisfaction -Pain Medication | Avg pain reduction of 27% in the treatment group as compared to 2% in the control group | Level II Peripheral nerve stimulation is safe and effective treatment strategy to target neuropathic pain of peripheral nerve origin |
Ilfeld et al. (2017) | Total Knee arthroplasty | Prospective open label feasibility study Femoral and Sciatic nerve | VAS | Reduction in VAS scores by an average of 63% at rest, with 4 of 5 subjects having relief of > 50% | Level III Ultrasound-guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation may be a practical modality for the treatment of postsurgical pain |