Fig. 1

A schematic to illustrate the synergistic interactions between neurosurgical interventions of brain stimulation and multimodal neuroimaging methods of functional and anatomical markers. It also showcases the big feed-back loop and unique organic relationships among different domains that together drive the innovation in the implementation of this therapy in the context of clinical trial design and translational research. The major roles played specifically by individual techniques are represented using the same colors with greater contributions denoted by thicker lines