Table 4 Significant changes from admission to discharge for the combined analysis of shoulder-elbow kinematic and kinetic data *

Robotic Task

Metric

Admission to Discharge

(raw result [95% CI])

P value

Unconstrained trained reaching macro-metrics

Deviation (m)

.007 [.004 to .010]

< ·001*

Mean Speed (m/s)

.009 [.0002 to 0.019]

·03

Speed shape

.035 [.022 to .048]

·001*

Jerk (m/s³)

45.907 [6.811 to 99.157]

·006*

Unconstrained trained reaching micro-metrics

Submovement number

.804 [.033 to 1.595]

·02

Submovement duration (s)

.050 [.024 to .078]

< ·001*

Submovement overlap (s)

.024 [.010 to .040]

< ·001*

Unconstrained untrained circle drawing

Circle ratio

.085 [.056 to .114]

< ·001*

Joint independence

.091 [.063 to .122]

< ·001*

Minor axis (m)

.015 [.010 to .020]

< ·001*

Reaching against resistance

Maximum displacement (m)

.008 [.004 to .012]

< ·001*

Overall aim (radians)

.068 [.026 to .110]

< ·001*

Isometric stabilization

Scatter (m)

.002 [−.00006 to .004]

< ·001*

Offset (m)

.004 [.002 to .007]

< ·001*

S/E kinetic evaluation

Shoulder strength (N)

5.075 [2.080 to 8.092]

·001*