Sex-specific differences in the efficacy of traditional low frequency versus high frequency spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain

Table 3 Comparison of high frequency and low frequency spinal cord stimulator mean differences and 95% confidence intervals at each time point for visual analog scale pain scores, perceived pain reduction and opioid use. For mean differences, the confidence interval is considered not significant if it crosses zero

	HF-SCS compared to LF-SCS	p-value
Visual Analog Scale Pain Score (mean difference with 95% confidence interval)
Baseline	0.30(−0.31–0.91)	0.26
Post Implant	0.28(−0.38–0.94)	0.47
3 Months Post Implant	−0.62(−1.44–0.20)	0.18
6 Months Post Implant	−0.8(− 1.73–0.13)	0.127
12 Months Post Implant	− 0.17(− 1.26–0.92)	0.81
Perceived Pain Reduction (mean difference with 95% confidence interval)
Baseline	0.53(− 10.3–11.36)	0.99
Post Implant	7.24(−1.59–16.07)	0.09
3 Months Post Implant	13.25(4.04–22.46)	0.008
6 Months Post Implant	24.68(12.45–36.91)	< 0.001
12 Months Post Implant	14.67(−0.03–29.37)	0.067
Morphine Miliequivalents (mean difference with 95% confidence interval)
Baseline	−63.99(−92.59-(−35.39))	< 0.001
Post Implant	−72.76(−100.41-(−45.11))	< 0.001
3 Months Post Implant	−62.6(− 108.08-(− 17.12))	0.027
6 Months Post Implant	−112.98(− 142.85-(− 83.11))	< 0.001
12 Months Post Implant	− 72.11(− 108.83-(− 35.39))	0.014

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