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Table 5 Comparison of mean differences and 95% confidence intervals of visual analog scale scores, perceived pain reduction and opioid use by between baseline and each individual time point based on stimulator type and sex using paired t-test. For mean differences, the confidence interval is not considered significant if it crosses zero

From: Sex-specific differences in the efficacy of traditional low frequency versus high frequency spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain

 

Female

Male

HF-SCS

p-value

LF-SCS

p-value

HF-SCS

p-value

LF-SCS

p-value

Visual Analog Scale Pain Score (mean difference with 95% confidence interval)

 Baseline-Post Implant

−0.72(− 1.66–0.22)

0.13

− 0.86(− 1.68-(− 0.04))

0.04

−0.23(− 0.81–0.35)

0.139

−0.13(− 0.94–0.67)

0.74

 Baseline- 3 Months Post Implant

− 2.47(− 3.6-(− 1.35))

< 0.001

− 1.27(− 2.01-(− 0.53))

0.001

− 2.48(− 3.46-(− 1.5))

< 0.001

− 1.81(− 2.78-(− 0.84))

< 0.001

 Baseline- 6 Months Post Implant

− 1.8(− 3.31-(− 0.29))

0.023

− 0.77(− 1.47-(− 0.072))

0.032

− 1.64(− 2.96-(− 0.33))

0.018

−0.98(− 2.07–0.1)

0.074

 Baseline- 12 Months Post Implant

− 0.59(− 1.99–0.81)

0.37

−0.38(− 1.2–0.44)

0.35

−0.56(− 1.55–0.42)

0.22

−0.47(− 1.34–0.4)

0.27

Perceived Pain Reduction (mean difference with 95% confidence interval)

 Baseline-Post Implant

23.06(−0.3–46.43)

0.053

14.82(3.21–26.42)

0.014

11.84(0.03–23.65)

0.049

15.54(2.34–28.731)

0.023

 Baseline- 3 Months Post Implant

30.5(7.17–53.83)

0.016

14.4(−0.2–29)

0.053

24.07(7.21–40.93)

0.009

15.33(1.38–29.29)

0.033

 Baseline- 6 Months Post Implant

30.67(5.81–55.52)

0.022

13.33(−3.06–29.73)

0.11

18(− 3.74–39.74)

0.09

3.13(− 9.44–15.69)

0.6

 Baseline- 12 Months Post Implant

31.43(−0.58–63.43)

0.053

15(−8.61–38.61)

0.18

31.25(−26.99–89.49)

0.19

11.5(−6.51–29.51)

0.18

Morphine Miliequivalents (mean difference with 95% confidence interval)

 Baseline-Post Implant

3.84(−2.21–9.89)

0.78

6.28(− 10.17–22.73)

0.45

−4.64(− 11.72–2.79)

0.25

−3.43(− 42.28–35.42)

0.86

 Baseline- 3 Months Post Implant

3.21(− 5.11–11.53)

0.11

7.54(− 13.89–28.97)

0.48

24.62(− 32.36–81.59)

0.37

7.29(− 82.62–97.2)

0.87

 Baseline- 6 Months Post Implant

− 7.9(− 20.13–4.33)

0.45

15.37(− 4.41–35.15)

0.12

−59.29(− 158.7–40.12)

0.21

−50.1(− 90.38-(− 9.83))

0.017

 Baseline- 12 Months Post Implant

2.25(− 15.15–19.65)

0.83

40.35(− 3.73–84.42)

0.071

−31.79(− 89.43–25.86)

0.23

−32.38(− 71.96–7.2)

0.1