Fig. 2

HFES attenuates capsaicin- induced HMGB1, CGRP and substance P release. DRGs from C57BL/6 mice were harvested and plated on MEA plates for 48–72 h. Cells were simultaneously stimulated with capsaicin (5 μM) and high frequency electrical stimulation for 15 min. Sixty minutes post-stimulation, cell supernatants were harvested and A HMGB1, B CGRP and C substance P measured. Data is represented as individual experimental data points with mean ± SEM. N = 6-8 per group. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test between groups. *P < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001