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Fig. 4 | Bioelectronic Medicine

Fig. 4

From: High-frequency electrical stimulation attenuates neuronal release of inflammatory mediators and ameliorates neuropathic pain

Fig. 4

HFES ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced hyperalgesia and HMGB1 release in mice. Wild type C57BL/6 mice were subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the right sciatic nerve or sham surgery. Two weeks after sciatic nerve ligation or sham surgery, animals were anesthetized, and transcutaneous HFES was applied for 5 min perpendicularly and parallel to the injury site once a day A for 1 day or B for 3 consecutive days. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed at 24 h after the last stimulation. Data is represented as individual mouse data points with mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA was used followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test between groups. N = 5-14 per group. *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001. ns: not significant. C-E CCI animals subjected to transcutaneous HFES once a day for 1 day were euthanized post-pain assessment and levels of C HMGB1, D substance P, and E CGRP in interstitial fluid of the inflamed paws were measured. Data is represented as individual mouse data points with mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA was used followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test between groups. N = 5 for normal, N = 10 for the other groups. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ns: not significant. F-H CCI animals stimulated once a day for 3 consecutive days were euthanized post-mechanical hypersensitivity assessment and levels of F HMGB1, G substance P, and H CGRP were measured in the interstitial fluid of the inflamed paws. Data is represented as individual mouse data points with mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test between groups. N = 5 for normal, N = 10 for the other groups. *: P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ns: not significant

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