Figure 2

(A) This panel shows the range of stroke severity (measured by Fugl-Meyer (F-M or FM] scale score) in patients with chronic stroke (n = 248; mean age = 62.3 years, range 17–89; 5 d to 11.3 years after stroke) on admission (black line), at midpoint in treatment (blue line), at discharge (red line) and at follow up (green line) 3 months after robot training ceased. Treatment consisted of 1-h robotic sessions 3 d per week for 6 wks. The plot of values moves significantly to the right over time and training and indicates higher F-M scale scores at the subsequent evaluation times (Kolmogorov-Smirnoff, p < 0.001). (B) The right panel focuses on the gray colored midrange of the graph to demonstrate that most of the motor improvement occurs in the first half of the training for those at the 50% level of F-M score (a patient with a moderate severity stroke), while the improvement occurs throughout the entire training period for those at the 75% level of the F-M score (a patient with a mild to moderate stroke). Also there is further improvement after the training has ended for those with less severe initial injury (and higher F-M scale scores) (4). The panels are adapted from (4): Bruce T Volpe, Patricio T Huerta, Johanna L Zipse, Avrielle Rykman, Dylan Edwards, Laura Dipietro, Neville Hogan, Hermano I Krebs. Robotic Devices as Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tools for Stroke Recovery. Arch. Neurol. 2009;66:1086-90. See https://doi.org/archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=797921.