Figure 10
From: Implantable Biofuel Cells Operating In Vivo—Potential Power Sources for Bioelectronic Devices
(a) Open pacemaker—a close view showing the microscheme and wiring leads connected to the external power source. Note the empty space (left part of the device) from which the original battery was removed. (b) Oscilloscope measuring the electrical pulses produced by the pacemaker activated by the biofuel cell. (c) Experimental setup including (from right to left): (a) the biofuel flow cell with the inlet/outlet connected to a peristaltic pump (not shown in the scheme); (b) the charge pump-DC-DC interface circuit; (c) Affinity DR 5330L, St. Jude Medical, pacemaker; (d) Medtronic Reveal XT, Model 9529, implantable loop recorder (ILR); (e) sensor device for the Medtronic CareLink Programmer, Model 2090; and (f) registered pulses generated by the pacemaker powered by the biofuel cell. (Part “c” is adapted from reference (79), reproduced with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.)