Figure 4
From: Implantable Biofuel Cells Operating In Vivo—Potential Power Sources for Bioelectronic Devices
Implanted biofuel cells operating in vivo in rats: (a) a photograph of the catheter implanted into the jugular vein of a rat (Rattus norvegicus) for use as a glucose/O2 biofuel cell, (b) an optical microscope image of the enzyme-modified electrodes inside the catheter, (c) the catheter surgically introduced at the ventral surface of the living rat, (d) a rat (Sprague Dawley) with the cremaster tissue surgically exposed to enzyme-modified bio-catalytic electrodes, (e) the cremaster tissue exposed to the biocatalytic electrodes (close view). (Parts “a–c” are adapted from reference (62) with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry; parts “d-e” are adapted from reference (65), with permission.)