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Figure 3 | Bioelectronic Medicine

Figure 3

From: Single-Pulse and Unidirectional Electrical Activation of the Cervical Vagus Nerve Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor in Endotoxemia

Figure 3

Unidirectional signals in the vagus nerve are sufficient to suppress TNF in endotoxemia. (A) Evoked potentials were recorded in the cervical vagus nerve in mice before (upper tracing) and after application of lidocaine caudal to the cuff-mounted stimulation electrodes (lower tracing). (B) Endotoxemia-induced blood levels of TNF were measured after vagus nerve stimulation in the presence of a lidocaine-induced block of the afferent vagus nerve in mice (n = 7 to 25 per group). (C) Endotoxemia-induced blood levels of TNF were measured after vagus nerve stimulation in the presence of a lidocaine-induced block of the efferent vagus nerve in mice (n = 7 to 25 per group). Mean ± SEM TNF levels are plotted as percent of sham. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. VNS: vagus nerve stimulation at 1,000 µA, 200 to 250 µs pulse width at 10 Hz for 60 s.

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Bioelectronic Medicine

ISSN: 2332-8886