Figure 4From: Single-Pulse and Unidirectional Electrical Activation of the Cervical Vagus Nerve Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor in EndotoxemiaSingle-pulse vagus nerve stimulation significantly reduced TNF. Rodents were subjected to 0 to 3,000 pulses of electrical vagus nerve stimulation and then rested for 3 h before induction of endotoxemia. TNF levels were measured in blood 90 min after intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (n = 8 to 32 per group). Means ± SEM are plotted. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01Back to article page