Table 2 Spinal cord stimulation exerts analgesia by activating specific receptor subtypes
From: Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain: evidence and theory for mechanisms of action
| Analgesia-Response To: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurotransmitter | Receptor Subtype | P-SCS | B-SCS | HF-SCS | DRG-S |
| 5-HT |
5-HT1: 5-HT2: 5-HT3: 5-HT4: 5-HT6: 5-HT7: |
↔ (Song et al., 2011) ↑ (Barchini et al., 2012) ↑ (Song et al., 2011; Barchini et al., 2012) ↑↑ (Song et al., 2011) ↑ (Song et al., 2011) ↔ (Song et al., 2011) ↔ (Song et al., 2011) | |||
| GABA |
GABAA: GABAB: |
↑ (Duggan & Foong, 1985; Song et al., 2011; Barchini et al., 2012) ↔ (Cui et al., 1996) ↑↑ (Song et al., 2009; Song et al., 2011; Cui et al., 1996; Barchini et al., 2012) | |||
| NE |
α1 adrenergic: α2 adrenergic: β1 adrenergic: β2 adrenergic: |
↑ (Barchini et al., 2012) ↑↑ (Barchini et al., 2012; Schechtmann et al., 2004) ↑ (Barchini et al., 2012) ↑ (Barchini et al., 2012) | |||
| Dopamine |
D2 D3 |
↑ (Barchini et al., 2012) ↑ (Barchini et al., 2012) | |||
| ACh |
M1 mAChR: M2 mAChR: M3 mAChR: M4 mAChR: nAChR: |
↑ (Schechtmann et al., 2008) ↑ (Schechtmann et al., 2008; Song et al., 2008) ↔ (Schechtmann et al., 2008) ↑↑ (Schechtmann et al., 2008; Song et al., 2008) ↔ (Song et al., 2009) ↔ (Schechtmann et al., 2008) | |||