Fig. 1

Optimized bioelectronic approach for peripheral nerve interfacing. Long-term recording and stimulation of the tracheosyringeal nerve in the zebra finch with an implanted nanoclip device. The study design exemplifies an optimized approach for performing recordings and tunable stimulation on a small peripheral nerve. The nanoclip device consists of a thin-film microfabricated electrode coupled to a custom 3D-printed housing with hinged trap doors to hold the nerve in place. High signal-to-noise ratio electrophysiological recordings were stable for over 4 weeks with the nanoclip. To measure functional differences in the output of the circuit, the acoustic structure of song vocalizations was quantified using high-resolution spectrograms. Patterned neurostimulation with current steering evoked distinct compound responses from the nerve reflecting differential fiber activation and also elicited distinct song vocalizations. Figure created using BioRender.com with portions adapted from (Otchy et al. 2020)