Fig. 2
From: Characterization and applications of evoked responses during epidural electrical stimulation
Effect of reference electrode placement on stimulation artifact and ECAP morphology in ESR. A Representative plot of stimulation artifact (left) and ECAP component (right) recorded on channel 1 (Ch1) using different referencing options: local tissue reference (LTR), differential recording reference using channel 2 and channel 1 (DIFF), and on lead reference using contact 9 (REF9). B Experimental data illustrating how a recording using REF9 can be computed from channel 9 (Ch9) using LTR ‘subtracting’ into the recording from Ch1 using LTR. The waveform in each plot is the median waveform from 150 to 300 number of trials with stimulation amplitude at 2.4 mA. C Magnitude (peak-to-peak) of the stimulation artifact (n = 5 pigs). D Magnitude (peak-to-peak) of the ECAP component (n = 5 pigs). * Indicates significant difference in the ECAP magnitude (p < 0.05) and *** indicates (p < 0.001). Error bars represent one standard deviation