Table 1 CAP activation and/or vagotomy in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis models.
Intervention | Model | Species | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cervical vagotomy; and nAChR agonists nicotine or AR-R17779 | CIA | Mouse | Vagotomy worsens and nAChR agonists improve arthritis score. nAChR agonists improve bone degradation, synovial inflammation, TNF. | (48) |
cJnAChR Knockout | CIA | Mouse | Knockout worsens incidence and severity of arthritis, inflammation, joint destruction and proinflammatory cytokines. Decrease in the collagen-specific Th1-associated IgG2a, but not IgG1. | (29) |
Surgical vagus suspension | CIA | Rat | Improves paw volume, arthritis score, bone erosions, histology, serum TNF. | (31) |
Vagus nerve stimulation | CIA | Rat | Improves paw volume, arthritis score, histology, bone metabolic markers. | (32) |
Cervical vagotomy and nicotine | CIA | Mouse | Vagotomy worsens and nicotine improves arthritis score, inflammation and bone destruction, TNF, IL-6 expression and HMGB1 translocation. | (27) |
Cervical vagotomy and nicotine | CIA | Mouse | Vagotomy worsens and nicotine improves arthritis score; nicotine reduces Th17cells, IL-17A and RORyt expression; and nicotine increases IL-4 and GATA3 expression. | (28) |