Table 2 CAP activation and/or vagotomy in preclinical colitis models.

Nicotine

TNBS

Rat

Improves macroscopic colon score, MPO activity, histology.

(43)

Nicotine

TNBS

Rat

Improves clinical score, macroscopic colon score, MPO activity, histology, colonic tissue LTB4 and TNF levels.

(49)

Nicotine

IL-10 knockout

Mouse

Improves clinical score and histology in colon; worsens jejunal histology.

(50)

Neostigmine

DNBS

Rat

Improves clinical score, macroscopic colon score, MPO activity, histology.

(51)

Vagotomy or nicotine

DSS

Mouse

Vagotomy worsens and nicotine improves clinical score, macroscopic colon score, MPO activity, histology, colonic tissue IL-6, SAP.

(52)

Vagotomy

DNBS

Mouse

Vagotomy worsens clinical score, macroscopic colon score, MPO activity, histology, colonic tissue IL-6 and TNF, SAP

(52)

nAChR agonist (AN) or antagonist (CHD)

TNBS

Mouse

nAChR antagonist worsens and nAChR agonist improves histological scores, MPO, TNF and NF-κB in lamina propria mononuclear cells.

(53)

Choline or α7nAchR antagonist (DMI)

DSS or DSS with reactivation

Mouse

Choline decreases macroscopic scores, MPO, CRP IL-6 and IL-1β while α7nAchR antagonist worsens macroscopic scores and blocks therapeutic benefit of antidepressant.

(54)

α7nAChR knockout ± vagotomy

DSS

Mouse

Knockout and vagotomy worsen MPO, CRP IL-6 and IL-1β; and knockout prevents therapeutic benefit of choline.

(54)

Vagotomy

DSS

Mouse

Vagotomy worsens clinical and macroscopic scores, MPO activity; increases colonic NF-κB signaling; increases splenic tissue levels of TNF IL-6, MCP-1; and decreases CD4⁺FoxP⁺ Treg cells. Effect of vagotomy can be adoptively transferred via CD4+CD25⁻ T cells.

(55)

α7-nAchR agonist

DSS or TNBS

Mouse

AR-R17779 and GSK 1345038A either are ineffective or worsen disease

(44)

Nicotine

Oxalazone or TNBS

Mouse

Oxalazone colitis improves; there is no change in TNBS colitis.

(56)