Articles

Automated closed-loop control of diabetes: the artificial pancreas

The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus is on the rise worldwide, which exerts enormous health toll on the population and enormous pressure on the healthcare systems. Now, almost hundred years after the discovery o...

Authors: Boris Kovatchev

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The quantum physiology of oxygen; from electrons to the evolution of redox signaling in the human brain

Rising atmospheric oxygen (O₂) levels provided a selective pressure for the evolution of O₂-dependent micro-organisms that began with the autotrophic eukaryotes. Since these primordial times, the respiring mammal...

Authors: Damian Miles Bailey

Development of visual Neuroprostheses: trends and challenges

Visual prostheses are implantable medical devices that are able to provide some degree of vision to individuals who are blind. This research field is a challenging subject in both ophthalmology and basic scien...

Authors: Eduardo Fernandez

Mapping the Brain’s electric fields with Magnetoelectric nanoparticles

Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating diagnoses. Examining local electric fields in response to neural activity in real time could shed light on understanding the origins of these diseases. To date, there...

Authors: R. Guduru, P. Liang, M. Yousef, J. Horstmyer and S. Khizroev

Extracting wavelet based neural features from human intracortical recordings for neuroprosthetics applications

Understanding the long-term behavior of intracortically-recorded signals is essential for improving the performance of Brain Computer Interfaces. However, few studies have systematically investigated chronic n...

Authors: Mingming Zhang, Michael A. Schwemmer, Jordyn E. Ting, Connor E. Majstorovic, David A. Friedenberg, Marcia A. Bockbrader, W. Jerry Mysiw, Ali R. Rezai, Nicholas V. Annetta, Chad E. Bouton, Herbert S. Bresler and Gaurav Sharma

Review of the role of the nervous system in glucose homoeostasis and future perspectives towards the management of diabetes

Diabetes is a disease caused by a breakdown in the glucose metabolic process resulting in abnormal blood glucose fluctuations. Traditionally, control has involved external insulin injection in response to elev...

Authors: Amparo Güemes and Pantelis Georgiou

Realizing flexible bioelectronic medicines for accessing the peripheral nerves – technology considerations

Patients suffering from conditions such as paralysis, diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis could in the future be treated in a personalised manner using bioelectronic medicines (BEms) (Nat Rev Drug Discov 13:399–4...

Authors: Vasiliki Giagka and Wouter A. Serdijn

Electrical stimulation of renal nerves for modulating urine glucose excretion in rats

The role of the kidney in glucose homeostasis has gained global interest. Kidneys are innervated by renal nerves, and renal denervation animal models have shown improved glucose regulation. We hypothesized tha...

Authors: Ahmad A. Jiman, Kavaljit H. Chhabra, Alfor G. Lewis, Paul S. Cederna, Randy J. Seeley, Malcolm J. Low and Tim M. Bruns

Recent advances in materials and flexible electronics for peripheral nerve interfaces

Peripheral nerve interfaces are a central technology in advancing bioelectronic medicines because these medical devices can record and modulate the activity of nerves that innervate visceral organs. Peripheral...

Authors: Christopher J. Bettinger

B fibers are the best predictors of cardiac activity during Vagus nerve stimulation

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising therapy for many neurologic and psychiatric conditions. However, determining stimulus parameters for individual patients is a major challenge. The traditional metho...

Authors: Kurt Y. Qing, Kelsey M. Wasilczuk, Matthew P. Ward, Evan H. Phillips, Pavlos P. Vlachos, Craig J. Goergen and Pedro P. Irazoqui

Is-there a place for vagus nerve stimulation in inflammatory bowel diseases?

The vagus nerve (VN), the longest nerve of the organism that innervates the gastrointestinal tract, is a mixed nerve composed of 80% of afferent and 20% of efferent fibers. The VN has anti-inflammatory propert...

Authors: Bruno Bonaz

Standardization of methods to record Vagus nerve activity in mice

The vagus nerve plays an important role in the regulation of organ function, including reflex pathways that regulate immunity and inflammation. Recent studies using genetically modified mice have improved our ...

Authors: Harold A. Silverman, Andrew Stiegler, Téa Tsaava, Justin Newman, Benjamin E. Steinberg, Emily Battinelli Masi, Sergio Robbiati, Chad Bouton, Patricio T. Huerta, Sangeeta S. Chavan and Kevin J. Tracey

Electroencephalographic read-outs of the modulation of cortical network activity by deep brain stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a reversible and adjustable treatment for neurological and psychiatric refractory disorders, consists in delivering electrical currents to neuronal populations located in subcorti...

Authors: Astrid Kibleur and Olivier David

Electrochemically stimulating developments in bioelectronic medicine

Cellular homeostasis is in part controlled by biological generated electrical activity. By interfacing biology with electronic devices this electrical activity can be modulated to actuate cellular behaviour. T...

Authors: Paola Sanjuan-Alberte, Morgan R. Alexander, Richard J. M. Hague and Frankie J. Rawson

Cytokine-specific Neurograms in the Sensory Vagus Nerve

The axons of the sensory, or afferent, vagus nerve transmit action potentials to the central nervous system in response to changes in the body’s metabolic and physiological status. Recent advances in identifyi...

Authors: Benjamin E. Steinberg, Harold A. Silverman, Sergio Robbiati, Manoj K. Gunasekaran, Téa Tsaava, Emily Battinelli, Andrew Stiegler, Chad E. Bouton, Sangeeta S. Chavan, Kevin J. Tracey and Patricio T. Huerta

Neuronal Circuits Modulate Antigen Flow Through Lymph Nodes

When pathogens and toxins breech the epithelial barrier, antigens are transported by the lymphatic system to lymph nodes. In previously immunized animals, antigens become trapped in the draining lymph nodes, b...

Authors: William M. Hanes, Peder S. Olofsson, Sébastien Talbot, Tea Tsaava, Mahendar Ochani, Gavin H. Imperato, Yaakov A. Levine, Jesse Roth, Maud A. Pascal, Simmie L. Foster, Ping Wang, Clifford Woolf, Sangeeta S. Chavan and Kevin J. Tracey

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Inflammation: Systematic Review of Animal Models and Clinical Studies

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used since 1997 for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. More recently, an off-label use of VNS has been explored in animal models and clinical trials for treatment of a...

Authors: Harwood Kwan, Luca Garzoni, Hai Lun Liu, Mingju Cao, Andre Desrochers, Gilles Fecteau, Patrick Burns and Martin G. Frasch

Time Stability and Coherence Analysis of Multiunit, Single-Unit and Local Field Potential Neuronal Signals in Chronically Implanted Brain Electrodes

Introducing neural sensing and decoding to open-loop neurostimulation technologies has the potential to significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of diseases treated through bioelectr...

Authors: Gaurav Sharma, Nicholas Annetta, David Friedenberg, Tony Blanco, Daphne Vasconcelos, Ammar Shaikhouni, Ali R. Rezai and Chad Bouton

Microchannel Electrode Stimulation of Deep Peroneal Nerve Fascicles Induced Mean Arterial Depressor Response in Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension (HTN) affects over 1 billion people in the world, and while most are treated effectively with pharmacological regimens, 10–30% of them do not show a beneficial response. Electrical stimulation of ...

Authors: Young-tae Kim, Aswini Kanneganti, Caleb Nothnagle, Ryan Landrith, Masaki Mizuno, Muthu B. J. Wijesundara, Scott Smith and Mario I. Romero-Ortega

Melissa Masters’s Response to “Imagining the Future of Medicine” Commentary

Ms. Masters is Director of Electrical, Software and Systems Engineering at Battelle and heads Battelle’s DeviceSecure Services. Ms. Masters has more than 15 years of experience in product development as a proj...

Authors: Melissa Masters

Alan Lightman’s Response to “Imagining the Future of Medicine” Commentary

Alan Lightman, is a novelist, essayist, physicist and educator, who from an early age, was entranced by both science and the arts. Lightman received his AB degree in physics from Princeton University in 1970, ...

Authors: Alan Lightman

Imagining the Future of Medicine

Christopher J. Czura, PhD, is Vice President of the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Executive Publisher of the Feinstein Institute Press’s international, peer-reviewed journals, Molecular Medicine and B...

Authors: Christopher J. Czura

Chronic Electrical Nerve Stimulation as a Therapeutic Intervention for Peripheral Nerve Repair

When a peripheral nerve is injured after either trauma or a neurodegenerative disease, motor function and sensory perception are impaired. Repair strategies aim both at reconstructing the damaged nerve and in ...

Authors: Miyuki Sakuma, Ivan R. Minev, Sandra Gribi, Bhagat Singh, Clifford J. Woolf and Stéphanie P. Lacour

Single-Pulse and Unidirectional Electrical Activation of the Cervical Vagus Nerve Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor in Endotoxemia

The inflammatory reflex is a neural circuit defined by action potentials transmitted in the vagus nerve that regulate cytokine production in the spleen. Detailed mechanistic studies implicate the vagus nerve, ...

Authors: Peder S. Olofsson, Yaakov A. Levine, April Caravaca, Sangeeta S. Chavan, Valentin A. Pavlov, Michael Faltys and Kevin J. Tracey

Gastrointestinal Electrical Neuromodulation for Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases, Obesity and Diabetes

Along the gut, there are rhythmic myoelectrical activities called slow waves that regulate gastrointestinal motility. Impairment in gastrointestinal slow waves and motility causes various disorders such as gas...

Authors: Jieyun Yin and Jiande D. Z. Chen

Impact of Bioelectronic Medicine on the Neural Regulation of Pelvic Visceral Function

Neuromodulation elicited by electrical stimulation of peripheral or spinal nerves is a U.S. Food and Drug Administered (FDA)-approved therapy for treating disorders of the pelvic viscera, including urinary urg...

Authors: William C. de Groat and Changfeng Tai

Neural Decoding and Applications in Bioelectronic Medicine

Neural decoding is a field involving the use of signal processing and machine learning methods to decode brain activity for various applications including assistive technology for people living with paralysis ...

Authors: Chad Bouton

Implantable Biofuel Cells Operating In Vivo—Potential Power Sources for Bioelectronic Devices

Implantable devices harvesting energy from biological sources and based on electrochemical transducers are currently receiving high attention. The energy collected from the body can be utilized to activate var...

Authors: Evgeny Katz

Neurostimulation of the Cholinergic Antiinflammatory Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Despite significant therapeutic advances, the medical need for patients with these disorders remains hi...

Authors: Yaakov A. Levine, Frieda Koopman, Michael Faltys, Ralph Zitnik and Paul-Peter Tak

A Stimulating Concept: Bioelectronic Medicine in Inflammatory Disease

Recent discoveries in neuroscience and immunology have revealed that stimulation of specific neural circuits can ameliorate certain experimental inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence on a prototypical r...

Authors: Peder S. Olofsson

The Neural Tourniquet

Bioelectronic medicine aims to understand and harness the beneficial effects of the nervous system and neural circuits to diagnose, treat and prevent disease. For example, targeted electrical stimulation devic...

Authors: Jason R. Fritz and Jared M. Huston

Bioelectronics as a Possible Therapeutic Modality Targeting Sphincteric Dysfunction in Gastrointestinal Disorders

Sphincters in the gastrointestinal tract control the movement of luminal contents in the forward direction and prevent their movement in the backward direction. Defective sphincters are responsible for many of...

Authors: Larry Miller and Anil Vegesna

Graph Theory-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neurodegenerative Disorders

The emergence of brain imaging techniques has shed light on the underlying mechanisms of brain diseases. Abnormalities found in the diseased brain have often been targeted by transcranial magnetic stimulation ...

Authors: Ji Hyun Ko, Yoon Young Choi and David Eidelberg

Bioelectronic Medicine and the Dawn of Robotic Training to Improve Motor Outcome in Chronic Stroke

Engineers and clinicians have cooperated to produce and test new classes of bioelectronics that have altered motor impairment that occurs after stroke. The rationale that increased intensity of training alters...

Authors: Bruce T. Volpe

Monitoring the Injured Brain

Traumatic brain injury is a serious public health problem in the United States, accounting for nearly 1.7 million injuries and 52,000 deaths annually. The initial brain injury is made worse by secondary events...

Authors: Chunyan Li and Raj K. Narayan

Bioelectronic Medicine—Novel Way to Treat Diseases

Authors: Sangeeta S. Chavan

The Revolutionary Future of Bioelectronic Medicine

Authors: Kevin J. Tracey